A toilet is a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human waste. They are often found in a small room referred to as a bathroom. Ancient civilizations used toilets attached to simple flowing water sewage systems included those of the Indus Valley Civilization and also those of the Romans and Egyptians. Although the first version of flush toilet system, which is widely used nowadays was designed in 1596 by John Harington, such systems did not come into widespread use until the late nineteenth century.
Toilet began with a simple flushing system and eventually transformed into multi-purpose bidet toilet. This evolution is an evidence of the technological advancement and rising living standard of human. Effective sanitation system led to the decrease of diseases caused by the lack of hygienic awareness. I think toilet can be considered as one of the most important items that is used by most people in developed countries in a daily bases. The use of toilet is a symbol of a civilized society that is organized in which it has a integrated sewage system.
Before the arrival of toilet, ancient civilizations often dumped their human waste randomly on the road and therefore caused the widespread of diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. People didn’t understand the negative impacts of the germs and the life expectancy was relatively low. Nevertheless, after the toilet was widely adapted, people had less health concerns and the standard of living of the societies increased. Toilet is a significant artifact that marks one of the greatest turning point in the world history in which human became more civilized.
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Interaction between human and the environment- demography and disease: When the living condition improves, population increases due to higher life expectancy. Human waste is processed through the sewage system before being thrown into the environment and therefore reduced environmental pollution.
Cultural- science and technology: Toilet is a scientific innovation that was invented when ancient people finally realized the importance of a effective sewage system. This symbolizes the start of a more modern and advanced society.
Economic- trade and commerce: In the modern era, companies sought to make profit by improving the traditional flush toilet and transform it into multi-purpose toilet that includes additional features that makes sitting on a toilet a more enjoyable experience.
Stamp, J. (2014, June 20). From Turrets to Toilets: A Partial History of the Throne Room. Retrieved from
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